What document summarizes a corporation's revenues and expenses for a specific fiscal period?

The income statement is the document that summarizes a corporation's revenues and expenses over a specific fiscal period, typically covering a quarter or a year. This financial report provides insights into the company’s profitability by detailing the total revenues generated and the total expenses incurred during that time frame. Importantly, the income statement helps stakeholders assess how well the company is performing operationally by showing whether it is making or losing money.

The income statement culminates in the net income figure, which is a key indicator of the company's financial health. Investors, management, and analysts use this document to gauge the effectiveness of the company’s operations and to make informed decisions based on its financial performance over the specified period. Understanding the income statement is crucial for anyone involved in financial planning, analysis, or investing in a corporation.

The other options do not provide the same insight into revenue and expense relationships. A balance sheet presents the company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time, while a tax return is a financial document submitted to tax authorities that typically reports income, expenses, and other tax-related information. Financial statement analysis refers to the process of evaluating and interpreting these documents, rather than being a standalone document summarizing revenues and expenses.